[2] In 2011, paleontologist Jordan C. Mallon and colleagues also found support for the clade containing Kosmoceratops and Vagaceratops, as did paleontologists Steven L. Wick and Thomas M. Lehman in 2013. [2] In a 2010 press release announcing the study, Sampson described Kosmoceratops as "one of the most amazing animals known, with a huge skull decorated with an assortment of bony bells and whistles", and considered Grand Staircase-Escalante "one of the country's last great, largely unexplored dinosaur boneyards". Instead, only the lower part of the Kaiparowits Formation overlapped with the Dinosaur Park Formation, but this part does not contain Kosmoceratops and Utahceratops, whereas fragmentary remains suggest that some taxa were shared between the formations at this range. These features also indicate that ceratopsians had an elevated metabolism and were homeothermic endotherms (or "warm-blooded"), like modern birds and mammals. As they found Vagaceratops likely to be the sister taxon of Kosmoceratops, they suggested it should be maintained as a distinct genus from Chasmosaurus, as its placement would probably remain unstable until chasmosaurines are better understood. [17], Dinosaur genus from the Late Cretaceous period, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, "Amazing horned dinosaurs unearthed on "lost continent, "New horned dinosaurs from Utah provide evidence for intracontinental dinosaur endemism", "Trump orders largest national monument reduction In U.S. history", "Remarkable dinosaur discoveries under threat with Trump plan to shrink national monument in Utah, scientists say", "What shrinking fossil-rich national monuments means for science", "Science and politics collide over Bears Ears and other national monuments", "The Wilderness Society et al.v. Similarly, there are some things we weren’t meant to see, and one of those things is the wretched, wretched Kosmoceratops. This national monument was established in 1996 in part for the preservation and study of its fossils, and the surveys there have yielded a wide array of unique dinosaur fossils. Baby Kosmoceratops. Recent Posts. Its fossils have been recovered from the Kaiparowits Formation in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. Wednesday, September 22, 2010. [2] These genera, which were considered unusual compared to typical members of their group, were part of a spate of ceratopsian discoveries in the early 21st century, when many new taxa were named (a 2013 study stated that half of all valid genera were named since 2003, and the decade has been called a "ceratopsid renaissance"). Kosmoceratops lived during the Cretaceous Period. [25] In a 2016 popular book, paleontologist Gregory S. Paul suggested that Kosmoceratops and Vagaceratops were not distinct enough from Chasmosaurus to warrant their own genus and that their species should be placed in it (or alternatively that the two should be united under Kosmoceratops), while also synonymizing several other chasmosaurine genera with Chasmosaurus. Its beak-like mouth was best suited for grasping and plucking rather than biting, according to a 1996 analysis in the journal Evolution. They suggested a sequence of events in the evolution of chasmosaurines that they found consistent with the phylogenetic, stratigraphic, and biogeographic evidence. The coprolites contained fragments of angiosperm wood (which indicates a diet of woody browse); though there was previously little evidence of dinosaurs consuming angiosperms, these coprolites showed that dinosaurs adapted to feeding on them (they only became common in the Early Cretaceous, diversifying in the Late Cretaceous). [1] In 2011, paleontologists Kevin Padian and John R. Horner proposed that "bizarre structures" in dinosaurs (including horns, frills, domes, and crests) were primarily used for species recognition (to differentiate between sympatric species; related species that lived in the same area at the same time), and they dismissed other explanations as unsupported by evidence. [6][15] In 2016, paleontologist James A. Campbell and colleagues did not support the assignment of specimen CMN 8801 to Kosmoceratops, as they found the features this was based on to be either influenced by taphonomy (changes occurring during decay and fossilization) or to fall within the variation among Chasmosaurus specimens (though they did not assign it to a particular species in the genus). On The Right side. .mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}, In 2020, Fowler and Fowler described two new chasmosaurine genera, and suggested the subfamily had a deep evolutionary split between a clade containing Chasmosaurus and its closest relatives, and Pentaceratops and its relatives. [33] In 2018, paleontologist Andrew Knapp and colleagues examined whether the diverging ornamental traits of ceratopsians were correlated with sympatricity between two or more species, as would be predicted by the "species recognition hypothesis". Alternative Titles: Ceratopsia, ceratopian Ceratopsian, also called ceratopian, any of a group of plant-eating dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Period (146 million to 66 million years ago) characterized by a bony frill on the back of the skull and a unique upper beak bone, called a rostral. Creation. He therefore proposed that it was a species of Kosmoceratops other than K. richardsoni and assigned it to K. sp. The parts missing from the left side of the skull were lost to erosion before the discovery. Ceratopsians--horned, frilled dinosaurs--were thick on the ground in Utah during the late Cretaceous period; among the genera that called this state home were Diabloceratops, Kosmoceratops and Torosaurus (which may actually have been a species of Triceratops).But the most representative ceratopsian discovered in the Beehive … Alternatives to the existence of a barrier include that the discrete provinces were separated by zones of faunal mixing, or that there was a continuous gradient or cline throughout the altitude, with no distinct endemic zones. Kosmoceratops was perhaps 15 feet (5 meters) long and weighed about 5,500 pounds (2,500 kilograms) when alive. As a ceratopsid, it would have been quadrupedal with a heavily constructed skeleton. [21][6] In his 2015 article that failed peer review, Longrich argued that the similarity between the neck frills of the two was due to convergent evolution, stating that the ten epiossifications on the back of the frill of C. irvinensis (or Vagaceratops, which he by then conceded could be a distinct genus) were located on the parietal bones but were located on both the parietal and squamosal bones in Kosmoceratops (Sampson and colleagues stated that they were located on the parietal and squamosals in both). The narial strut of the premaxilla (that extended from the bottom of the nasal cavity to the top) was also inclined hindward, a feature also seen in Anchiceratops and Arrhinoceratops, and the narial process that projected backwards and up from the premaxilla was a triangular prong. [2][3] Among the discoveries made were three new ceratopsian (horned dinosaur) taxa, one of which was identified from two localities (UMNH Locality VP 890 and 951) discovered by volunteer field crew member Scott Richardson during the field seasons of 2006 and 2007. The subadult specimen UMNH VP 16878 was found scattered across an area of 3 m2 (32 sq ft), and the high degree of disarticulation and broken parts indicate that the specimen was skeletonized and decomposed before its burial in silty mudstone lithofacies. Field crews from other institutions have also participated, and the collaborative effort has been called the Kaiparowits Basin Project. The swamps and wetlands were dominated by up to 30 m (98 ft) cypress trees, ferns, and aquatic plants including giant duckweed, water lettuce, and other floating angiosperms. It had a triangular beak with a pointed tip and a blade-like nasal horn with a flattened upper portion. [38][40][41] The two most common groups of large vertebrates in the formation are hadrosaurs and ceratopsians (the latter representing about 14 percent of associated vertebrate fossils), which may either indicate their abundance in the Kaiparowits fauna or reflect preservation bias (a type of sampling bias) due to these groups also having the most robust skeletal elements. Quick facts about Kosmoceratops: Existed from Campanian Age to 70.6 million years ago; Lived in a terrestrial habitat; Was a herbivore; Reproduced by laying eggs Frill complexity in ceratopsians appeared to have increased in more recent species, and Kosmoceratops had the highest values of fractal dimensions in its neck frill margin (followed by Styracosaurus, Diabloceratops, and Centrosaurus). They suggested that the split of Kosmoceratops and Vagaceratops from the clade that included Anchiceratops and Triceratops was caused by either a vicariance or dispersal event. They had two skin variations, one being brown and the other being beige with stripes down the back. The functions of ceratopsian frills and horns have been debated, including display, combat, and species recognition. [15] In a 2014 Master's thesis, Campbell stated that Sampson and colleagues had initially identified all ten epiossifications on the hind margin of the frill of the adult Kosmoceratops as epiparietals, before realizing that only six of them were epiparietals after examining the subadult specimen, where the sutures between the parietal and squamosal bones were more evident (sutures fuse and become less apparent with age). The nasal horncore (the bony projection from which the nose horn grew) was unusual among chasmosaurines in that it was blade-like, with a base that was elongated and narrow from side to side, and with a flattened upper portion. A skull of kosmoceratops along with the littered remains of the other ceratopsian victims. [4][2] Levitt reported that every bone of the assigned subadult or adult specimen UMNH VP 21339 appeared to have been broken before depositing, and its matrix is stacked siltstones and mudstones with minor sandstones, which suggests a pond environment. The different diets represented by the coprolites may indicate niche partitioning among the herbivores of the Kaiparowits Formation ecosystem, or that there was seasonal variation in diet. The naris (bony nostril opening) was different from other ceratopsids in being tall, relatively narrow from front to back, and distinctly ellipse-shaped (rather than near-circular), with a pronounced hindward inclination. Discover surprising insights and little-known facts about politics, literature, science, and the marvels of the natural world. The Kosmoceratops was related to the Triceratops, and … … They were found near other herbivore coprolites that contained conifer wood. [2][36][37] The basin was broad, flat, crescent-shaped, and bounded by mountains on all sides except the Western Interior Seaway at the east. Utahceratops, a dinosaur of Utah. Kosmoceratops was a herbivore. Kosmoceratops is a genus of herbivorous chasmosaurine ceratopsian dinosaur, which lived in the part of the island continent Laramidia that is now Utah, United States, in the Late Cretaceous, 74 to 65 million years ago. It ate large dinosaurs, like Triceratops. [39][5], Other ornithischian dinosaurs from the Kaiparowits Formation include ceratopsians such as the chasmosaurine Utahceratops, the centrosaurine Nasutoceratops (and possibly a second yet unnamed centrosaurine), indeterminate pachycephalosaurs, the ankylosaurid Akainacephalus, an indeterminate nodosaurid, the hadrosaurs Gryposaurus and Parasaurolophus, and an indeterminate, basal neornithischian. Diet: Plants. Kosmoceratops is a genus of herbivorous chasmosaurine ceratopsian dinosaur, which lived during the Late Cretaceous period (late Campanian, 74-65 mya) in the part of the island continent Laramidia that is now Utah, United States. But these features may also have evolved as a way to differentiate Kosmoceratops from other ceratopsian species (it wouldn't do for a juvenile Kosmoceratops to accidentally join a herd of Chasmosaurus), or even for purposes of communication (say, a Kosmoceratos alpha turning its frill pink to signal danger). Right in front and in the middle of the orbits, the skull roof had a pronounced hump, which was present in few other ceratopsids, such as Diabloceratops. The Kosmoceratops was a decently sized ceratopsian related to Triceratops, Eotriceratops and others from the Late Cretaceous Period 76.4-75.9 MYA of the Kaiparowits Formation in North America. The species, named Spiclypeus shipporum by Dr. Jordan Mallon from the Canadian Museum of Nature and co-authors who documented it, lived in North America about 76 million years back. In a 2010 press release presenting Kosmoceratops, Utahceratops, and Vagaceratops, Sampson stated that most of these "bizarre features" would have been insufficient weapons against predators, but would have been used to intimidate or fight rivals of the same sex and attract individuals of the opposite sex. [17], Kosmoceratops is estimated to have been 4.5 m (15 ft) long and to have weighed 1.2 t (1.3 short tons). [2][6] The subadult specimen UMNH VP 16878 had the same number and patterns of epiossifications as the adult holotype, making it possible to distinguish the subadult growth stage of Kosmoceratops from that of Utahceratops. [16] In 2020, paleontologists Denver W. Fowler and Elizabeth A. Freedman Fowler stated that CMN 8801 may be more reliably assigned when better understanding of the anatomy in the front part of chasmosaurine skulls is reached. Triceratops was an herbivore, existing mostly on shrubs and other plant life. [22][1], With his 2014 assignment of skull CMN 8801 to Kosmoceratops sp. [24] In 2015, paleontologists Caleb M. Brown and Donald M. Henderson tested a new scheme for homology between epiossifications in different chasmosaurines (which of these that corresponded to each other between taxa), and found the clade containing Kosmoceratops and Vagaceratops to be the sister taxon of all other chasmosaurines, contrary to earlier studies. Kosmoceratops was perhaps 15 feet (5 meters) long and weighed about 5,500 pounds (2,500 kilograms) when alive. It had an estimated length of 4.5 m (15 ft) and weight of 1.2 t (1.3 short tons). Yinlong downsi Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Better-drained areas were dominated by forests of up to 10–20 m (33–66 ft) dicot trees and occasional palms, with an understory including ferns. A response to Padian and Horner", "The 'species recognition hypothesis' does not explain the presence and evolution of exaggerated structures in non-avialan dinosaurs", "Patterns of divergence in the morphology of ceratopsian dinosaurs: sympatry is not a driver of ornament evolution", "Revised geochronology, correlation, and dinosaur stratigraphic ranges of the Santonian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) formations of the Western Interior of North America", "Mountain building triggered Late Cretaceous North American megaherbivore dinosaur radiation", "Late Cretaceous dinosaur biogeography and endemism in the Western Interior basin, North America: A critical re-evaluation", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kosmoceratops&oldid=970856035, Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 August 2020, at 20:23. Though they apparently inhabited at least two semi-isolated regions, there is no evidence of a dispersal barrier, and there was less of a temperature gradient than today. Tyrannosaurus Rex was a large meat-eater from the Cretaceous. Tyrannosaurus … Fowler therefore found it more likely that the differences in dinosaur taxa between the formations were due to sampling different stratigraphic levels rather than biogeographic segregation, an explanation he also found probable for the differences between the Kaiparowits Formation and the Fruitland and Kirtland formations. Compared to the short and blunt horncores of Utahceratops, those of Kosmoceratops were more elongated and slender, curving upward then downward, ending in pointed tips. It lived in the Cretaceous period and inhabited North America. Sampson et al., 2010. The stratigraphic ranges of Kosmoceratops and Utahceratops show that they lived at the same time and likely in the same ecosystems, which was rare among ceratopsids. Zuniceratops is an example of the evolutionary transition between early ceratopsians and the later, larger ceratopsids that had very large horns and frills. Thirteen Triceratops were created by InGen in their compound on Isla Sorna where they were taken care of by the workers there.. Triceratops were highly sociable. Trump et al. Other vertebrates include crocodiles (such as Deinosuchus and Brachychampsa), turtles (such as Adocus and Basilemys), pterosaurs, lizards, snakes, amphibians, mammals, and fishes. E szarvak iránya eltér a legtöbb ceratopsiáétól, melyeknél a szarvak előrefelé vagy hátrafelé állnak. They argued that though the size of most ornaments may be controlled by sexual selection (and whether they are used for choosing mates, competition, or both), it does not influence complexity and shape, concluding that it is probably the size rather than the shape of ornaments that is acted upon by sexual selection. [38], In 2010, paleontologist Michael A. Getty and colleagues examined the taphonomy of the holotype and the subadult specimen UMNH VP 16878 and the sedimentological circumstances under which they were preserved. This dinosaur lived on a large island in western North America, called Laramidia, that was demarcated and bordered by the shallow Western Interior Sea, which covered much of the continent's interior during the late Cretaceous period. Iránya eltér a legtöbb ceratopsiáétól, melyeknél a szarvak előrefelé vagy hátrafelé állnak was identified as a ceratopsid, would! Kosmoceratops is also considered closely related to Spiclypeus, which includes the Utah. Prominent horns lived what did kosmoceratops eat the Cretaceous under preparation by 2010 batteries containing of... Formed complex slicing dental batteries containing hundreds of teeth behind an edentulous ( toothless ) beak Paleontologists got! Insights and little-known facts about Kosmoceratops, 10 Famous horned dinosaurs that n't. 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A blade-like nasal horn with a heavily constructed skeleton contained conifer wood North America horn with a flattened portion. Annie, Boris, Dolores and Buddy the littered remains of the who.

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